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ASCII -
American
Standard Code
for Information
Interchange
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A standard coding system used to represent alphanumeric
characters within a computer. It enables the transfer of most data
between different computer environments by representing them with
a common set of symbols.
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Cartography
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The art and science of the organization and communication of
geographically related information into maps or charts. It can
include all stages, from data acquisition to presentation and use.
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Census Day
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A reference day for answering the census questionnaire. In the
last Israeli Census of Population and Housing, Census Day was
November 4th, 1995.
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Census
Population
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Israeli residents that were in Israel on Census Day,
Israeli residents living abroad less than a year, and
tourists & temporary residents living in Israel more than a year.
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Center line
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A digitized line along the center of a linear feature. Roads,
streets, rivers etc. are often represented in this way.
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Central
Headquarters
(CHQ)
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The uppermost level of the Census organizational structure,
responsible for the planning and the operation of the Census.
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Clean-Up Stage
(CU)
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The final step in the field work for an Enumeration Area. It
consists of a final effort to obtain completed questionnaires from
households who haven't complied after three attempts during Pick-
Up Stage.
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Coder
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A person assigning a specific numeric value to an alphanumeric
field.
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Coding
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Assigning a specific numeric value to an alphanumeric field.
Coding was held in the Optical Data Entry system, it was mainly a
computer assisted process of coding from image.
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Coding Item
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The working unit of the coding stage in the data capture process. Coding item is
created in three cases: failure in automatic geocoding of addresses written in the
questionnaire, locating written answers in the questions asking for the economic
branch of the work place, and locating written answers in the questions asking for
the occupation.
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Computer
Reports
(R1, R2, R3,
R4, R5, R6, R7)
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During the fieldwork, the Supervisor had available computer
reports to monitor and control the enumerator's work. These
computer reports were produced, based on consistency checks,
during all field work stages: Drop-Off, Pick-Up, Clean-Up and
Closure of an Enumeration Area.
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Control Center
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The Control Center constituted the main connecting link between the
field and the three Headquarters units (Planning, Operation,
Information Technology), maintaining uniformity and homogeneity of
working methods around the country.
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Digitizing
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A process that converts analogue maps and other graphic data into
a computer readable form. After digitizing a map, it can be loaded
into the GIS system.
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District
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The largest administrative division of Israel. Israel is divided
into six Districts.
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Drop-Off Stage
(DO)
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A ten days period prior to the Census Day, when the enumerators
canvass the Enumeration Area which they had been assigned to
and distribute the appropriate questionnaire (short or long form) to
every dwelling unit in it.
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Dwelling number
in the
Enumeration
Area
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A sequential number given by the enumerator to each dwelling unit,
unique in the Enumeration Area. The dwelling number was written
on the first page of the questionnaire and was entered into the
Enumerator's Report Book.
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Editing, micro
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A process within the Optical Data Entry system that comes to serve
the main goal of the data capture process; getting a file that
represents the respondents' answers as they are in the
questionnaire. It consists of two main tasks: correcting the data
capture of values written in the respondents' fields, even if they
are illogical or factually wrong, and correcting fields filled-in by
the enumerators, in order to define the structural units of the
census.
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Editing Item
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The working unit of the editing stage in the data capture process.
It consists of all the images of the questionnaires filled-in in one
household, the ASCII values of the answers, a list of editing-
problems found in the household and several accessible list and
dialogue boxes.
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Editing Problem
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A failure in one of the following tasks performed prior to the
editing stage: automatic coding of Country of Birth and Relation to
the Reference Person, uncoded written answer in an open
category of a closed question ("other") automatic definition of a
structural unit, verification that values are within a legitimate
range, consistency checks between fields.
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Enumeration
Area (EA)
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The basic geographical unit of work of the census, during field
work, data capture and data managing. Each EA contains an
average of 260 households enumerated by one enumerator.
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Enumeration
Packet
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Every Institution and Kibbutz was defined as an EA of varying
size. Therefore, in cases where the Enumeration Area was
relatively small, there was a need to link together a number of
EAs and create Enumeration Packets. One Enumerator was
responsible for one Enumeration Packet.
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Enumeration
Route
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A line drawn on the EA's map, that passed through every building
in the EA and determined the path the Enumerator had to follow in
his canvass.
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Enumerator
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During the field work, every EA was assigned to one Enumerator.
The Enumerator distributed and collected the questionnaires,
making sure that all addresses, all dwellings, all households and all
individuals within his/her EA was enumerated.
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Enumerator's
Report Book
(ERB)
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Each enumerator had a report book that helped him/her to control
the quality and progress of the enumeration in the field. At the
same, it enabled the Supervisor to monitor and control the
enumerator's work.
The ERB is computerized and therefore offers many by-products,
including provisional summaries of households and population size
at an EA level and up, and a sampling frame for surveys to be
used even before the data capture process has ended.
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Field Setting
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All components, human and machine, logical and physical, subject
matter issues or process, that are involved in the field work.
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"Flag"
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Values given to every field and record in the database, to indicate
statuses, such as "canceled" and partial audit trails.
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Form Drop-Off
or Form
Drop-Out (FDO)
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A procedure of the scanning sub-system in the Optical Data Entry
system, where all preprinted texts and graphics are removed from
the stored image of the scanned questionnaire.
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Geocoding
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The process by which the geographic numeric code of an address
are determined by its locality, street name and house number.
Geocoding was performed automatically and in a computer-assisted
manner in the Optical Data Entry system.
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Geographic
Information
System (GIS)
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A computer system for capturing, managing, integrating,
manipulating, analyzing, and displaying data which is spatially
referenced to the Earth. The GIS system for the last census
included two main products: maps of Enumeration Areas and
Sections and addresses files.
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Help Desk
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A Help Desk was set up in order to provide assistance and
support, nationwide, to the field-setting. It acted as a communication
node between the sub-Regional offices, the Regional offices and
the Headquarters.
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Household
(HH)
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A group of people living in the same dwelling, sharing food
expenses. It can be one single person or more, one family or
more, etc. It is the basic enumeration unit in the Israeli census.
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Household Type
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A one digit code, given by the enumerator to each household,
indicating a sequential number of the household at the dwelling
(1-7), that the household members are abroad for over a year (8)
or absent from the house during the enumeration process (0), or a
household of people who refuse to answer the census
questionnaire (X).
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Household's
unique
identification
number
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A number comprised of the EA number, dwelling number in the EA,
and household type.
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ID Number
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Each citizen and permanent resident in Israel is given a unique ID
number which appears in the National Population Register (and
other government files) and in the resident's ID card.
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Identification
Level or
Reliability
Level of
Identification
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After the scanning of a questionnaire, the optical reader offers
the identification of values written in the questionnaire. This
suggestion is accompanied by a status, indicating the level of
confidence of the recognition: "Super-sure", Sure", "Doubtful" and
"Fail".
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Institution
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For the purpose of the Census, an institution is an administrative
unit regularly supplying overnight lodging services, and usually
also food services to five or more persons.
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Institutional
Coordinator
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Each Region has a coordinator in charge of the enumeration of
all the Institutions and Kibbutzim within his/her Region.
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"Item"
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An item is the working unit of a module that has a human-machine
interface in the Optical Data Entry system (keying-item, editing-item,
coding-item).
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Kibbutz
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A Kibbutz is a collective rural locality where production, marketing
and consumption are organized on a cooperative basis.
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Logical-Check
or Edit-Check
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A process of verifying all the field's values in order to detect
logical inconsistencies or errors. For example, checking if
marriage date is prior to birth date.
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Long Form
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A questionnaire including thirty eight questions addressed to a
sample of 20% of the population. It included the short form
demographic questions and socio-economic questions on housing
conditions, education, marriage and fertility, labor force
characteristics, journey to work and income.
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National
population
Register (NPR)
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Israel has a Population Register that includes records of all
Israeli citizens and permanent residents. It contains demographic
and geographic information as well.
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Natural Region
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The Sub-Districts are divided into Natural Regions. The division is
based on geographical and socio-economic features.
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Optical Data
Entry System
(ODE)
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A data capture system, based on Optical Character recognition and
Optical Mark recognition along with complementary operations,
coming to insure high quality conversion of data on a paper
questionnaire into ASCII codes.
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Optical Mark
Recognition
(OMR)
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A process activated in the scanning stage in the ODE system. It is
an automatic optical identification of the mere existence of marks
(such as X, ) in designated areas in the scanned questionnaire.
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Optical
Character
Recognition
(OCR)
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A process activated in the scanning step in the ODE system. It is
an automatic optical identifications of characters of different
types: bar-codes, preprinted numbers, handwritten numbers and
marks (X). It is based on a mathematical function identifying
minimax points in an expected and accepted range.
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Pick-Up Stage
(PU)
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A five week period immediately after Census Day, when the
Enumerators visit every dwelling unit in the EA to which they have
been assigned to and collect completed questionnaires.
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Polling Area
(PA)
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The smallest partition of the existing geographical division of
Israel. It includes about 600 voters (1000 residents) and is
updated every year. Complete polling areas are contained in a
statistical area.
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Polygon
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An area bounded by a closed line. It is used to describe spatial
elements, such as housing and industrial units. In the GIS system a
polygon is mostly related to a building drawn on a map.
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Production Line
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The ODE System was duplicated into four independent, identical
systems linked to the Bureau's central computer. Each production
line included all the elements of the data capture process.
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Quarter
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Localities containing over 100,000 residents are divided into
Quarters. A quarter includes up to 10 Sub-Quarters with
territorial continuity.
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Questionnaire
Number
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An eleven digit number, preprinted on each page defining a) the
type of questionnaire: short or long form, Hebrew or Arabic,
regular or institutional, b) sequential number, c) number of page,
and d) a control digit.
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Redistricting
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Building new geographic divisions, based on polling areas, in
order to create homogeneous Enumeration Areas, population-size
wise.
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Region
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The largest geographic division for the Census purposes. Israel
was divided into sixteen Regions.
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Regional
Director
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Every Region was headed by a Regional Director responsible for
the execution of the census in his/her Region. This entails
responsibility for setting up Sub-Regional Offices (8-10).
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Scanning
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The first stage of the optical data capture process, that includes
scanning the paper questionnaires (converting an analogue image
into digital roster form by systematic line-by-line sampling), FDO,
OMR & OCR, data compression and insert data into the database.
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Section
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Every Sub-Region is divided into Sections. Each Section is
assigned to one Supervisor and includes five to eight Eas.
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Senior Editor
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In the ODE system, the person who is solely responsible for
editing problems that involve more than one questionnaire. These
problems are of defining the structural units of the census within
the EA (an individual record, a household record and an EA).
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Short Form
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A questionnaire including five demographic questions addressed
to each household member. There are short forms in Hebrew and
in Arabic. 80% of the households completed short forms while 20%
completed long form.
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Smart Keying
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An ODE sub-system, through which a keying operator improves the
results of the scanning stage. Smart Keying is keying from image,
performed in three levels: verification in "carpets", correction in
"triplets" and full-field keying.
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Statistical
Area (StA)
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Urban localities are divided into StA, the smallest existing division,
containing entire Polling Areas. The division is based on a
functional-economic-demographic approach, and is updated prior to
each census.
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Structural Units
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Work and analysis units in the ODE system; page, questionnaire,
individual record, household record, Enumeration Area.
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Sub-District
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Each District is divided into two to three Sub-Districts.
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Sub-Quarter
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Localities containing over 40,000 residents, are divided into sub-
quarters. A Sub-Quarter includes entire Statistical Areas with
territorial continuity.
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Sub-Region
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Each Region is divided into 8-10 Sub-Regions, containing about
40,000 residents. A Sub-Region is the basic unit of operational
control in the census.
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Sub-Regional
Director (SRD)
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Every Sub-Region (8-10 Sections) was headed by Director. The
SRD's duties were to organize all aspects of fieldwork, to direct
the Supervisor's work and to solve professional and
organizational problems as they arose.
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Sub-Regional
Office
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A Sub-Regional Office was responsible for staff recruitment,
training, logistics, and command & control over the Supervisor and
the fieldwork in each Sub-Region.
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Supervisor
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Every Section (5-8 EAs) was headed by a Supervisor. The
Supervisor was responsible to ensure that all the buildings of his/
her Section were covered and the population enumerated by
instructing, controlling and assisting the Enumerator's work.
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Synthetic
Address
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For specific buildings that had no addresses, there was a need to
assign an address, whether a street, a house number, or both. A
Synthetic street code comprised of four digits starting with 8;
8XXX, and a Synthetic house number of three digits starting with
8; 8XX.
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Urban Locality
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A Locality containing over 2,000 residents. 90% of Israel's
population lives in Urban Localities.
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Visitation
Record Pages
(VRP)
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The main component of the Enumerator's Report Book. The pages
of the ERB where the address, dwelling, household and other
administrative information was entered, during each stage of the
enumerator's field work.
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