Motor Vehicles

MOTOR VEHICLES

31 XII 2001

JERUSALEM, JUNE 2002

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Motor Vehicles 1998, 31 XII 1998

Motor Vehicles 1999, 31 XII 1999

Motor Vehicles 2000, 31 XII 2000

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CONTENTS

PREFACE	Main Findings
Diagrams	Tables
Staff of the C.B.S Who Participated in Preparing the Publication:

P R E F A C E

This publication presents data on motor vehicles in Israel at the end of 2001. As in previous publications on this subject, the data are based on processing of the vehicle file of the Licencing Office in the Ministry of Transport, which is carried out by the Central Bureau of Statistics.

The publication includes detailed tables of data on the different characteristics of motor vehicles in Israel: type of vehicle, manufacture, country and year of production, place of registration and other characteristics. In addition, the publication includes tables of comparison with previous years and a table of comparison with selected countries and data on hauled vehicles which are not motor vehicles.

This publication also includes, like the previous ones, some data on vehicles involved in road accidents with casualties.

This publication includes tables which specify concentrations and emission of air pollutants, caused by vehicles. The air pollution caused by transportation is known to be a sever public nuisance in urban areas, especially in the Metropolitan area of Tel Aviv.

More detailed data on road accidents for the surveyed year 2001, are presented in special publication no. 1179 Road Accidents with Casualties 2001, Part I: General Summaries published by the Central Bureau of Statistics.

The Bureau wishes to thank the Licencing Office in the Ministry of Transport for putting the file at our disposal, as well as to the Air Quality Division at the Ministry of the Environment.

We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Ruth Sheshinski, Director of the Agriculture and Environment Statistics Sector, on the occasion of her retirement. We thank Dr. Sheshinski for her contribution to the design of the emissions model, and wish her much success in the future.

Pnina Zadka

Senior Director of Department

Economic Infrastructure

Jerusalem, 2002

Main Findings

At the end of 2001 there were about 1,915,000 vehicles in Israel - an increase of about 5% compared with the end of 2000. Of the total number of vehicles, there were about 1,461,000 private cars, about 326 thousand trucks, about 80 thousand motorcycles, about 16,800 minibuses, about 11,900 buses, about 15,200 taxis, and about 4,100 special vehicles.

Over one-third of the vehicles used in Israel were manufactured in Japan, whereas only 0.2% were manufactured in Israel.

Country of Production	2001	2000	1999
Japan	37.6%	38.1%	38.4%
France	11.9%	11.7%	11.8%
Germany	10.8%	10.9%	11.2%
Spain	9.0%	8.5%	8.0%
Italy	7.4%	8.0%	8.6%
South Korea	7.4%	7.1%	6.2%
USA	4.9%	5.1%	5.4%

In 2001, the number of vehicles increased by about 189 thousand, of which about 171 thousand were new (the production year of about 96 thousand was 2001, and the production year of about 75 thousand was 2002). During this period, there was a decline of about 105 thousand vehicles. Thus, the net growth in the number of vehicles amounted to only about 84 thousand.

Of the new vehicles that were added in 2001, about 125 thousand were private cars, mostly produced by the following manufacturers:

New private cars that were added in 2001, compared with 2000 and 1999
Year	Mazda	Volkswagen	Peugeot	Toyota	Renault	Hyundai	Ford	Suzuki	Honda
2001	12.9%	12.1%	8.1%	7.0%	6.5%	6.0%	5.6%	4.3%	3.9%
2000	16.7%	9.7%	5.2%	6.0%	7.0%	8.5%	5.3%	3.8%	2.4%
1999	18.1%	8.0%	5.2%	5.4%	4.7%	8.1%	0.6%	4.5%	3.5%

The average age of the motor vehicles was 6.2 years at the end of 2001 (6.1 in 2000).

The rate of motorization rose from 288 vehicles per 1,000 residents at the end of 2000 to 294 at the end of 2001. Of those vehicles 224 were private cars.

The rate of motorization in municipalities was 309 per 1,000 residents. Of those vehicles, 240 private cars. The highest rate of motorization was found in the following municipalities: Tel Aviv-Yafo 665, thereof 464 private cars, in Petah Tiqwa 481, thereof 386 private cars, in Herzliyya 474, thereof 382 private cars, in Giv'atayim 412, thereof 328 private cars, in Ramat Gan - 405, thereof 304 private cars, in Kefar Sava 397, thereof 316 private cars, in Qiryat Ono 397, thereof 326 private cars and in Hod HaSharon 395, thereof 309 private cars.

The rate of motorization in Haifa was 337, thereof 273 private cars, in Rishon LeZiyyon was 350, thereof 276 private cars, and in Jerusalem (including East Jerusalem) 214, thereof 167 private cars.

Compared with developed countries throughout the world, the rate of motorization in Israel is still relatively low. In 2000, the rate of motorization in Israel was 288 per 1,000 residents compared to 800 in the USA, 732 in Italy, 708 in Canada, 689 in Switzerland, 684 in Japan, 680 in Austria, 620 in Germany, 618 in France and 567 in Norway.

Air Pollution from Transportation - Most of the carbon monoxide (CO) emissions result from vehicle transportation. Carbon monoxide is emitted as a result of incomplete combustion of fuels. The relative share of the transportation sector in total emission of CO has increased steadily over the years and presently amounts to 98%. Data from the traffic monitoring stations, as reported by the Ministry of the Environment, indicate zero deviations from the half-hourly standard, from the day the stations started to monitor up to the present.

Over half of the total nitrogen oxide (NO_X) emissions are from vehicles. Of those, most (about 80%) are from diesel vehicles. The traffic monitoring stations indicate hundreds of deviations for NO_X. Over the last year, all stations monitored maximal values way above the standards by a factor of ten or one hundred. In contrast to this finding, the annual average of NO_Xemission is below the standard level.

The transportation sector accounts for about 70% of the total hydrocarbons (HC) emissions.

In recent years, an upward trend was observed in the relative amount of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the total emission from transportation (of 10%). Almost all of the SPM emission from transportation (about 90%) derives from diesel.

The contribution of vehicles to the total sulphur oxides (SO_X) emissions is marginal (about 5%).

It is difficult to define multi-year trends in concentrations from traffic monitoring stations, because the data relate to a short seasonal period.

Definitions and Explanations

The data in this publication are based on processing of the "Vehicle File" of the Licencing Office of the Ministry of Transport. Actually, the data are a copy of the "Vehicle File" at the end of the year; therefore, the quality of the processing of the data depends on the quality and level of updating of the "Vehicle File".

Motor vehicles: included are all types of motor vehicles which are registered at the Licencing Office and whose licences were valid on 31.12.01 or expired in 2001. The number of motor vehicles does not include army and police vehicles, towed vehicles, tractors, vehicles of foreign citizens and of holders of provisional vehicle licences, vehicles registered in the Palestinian Authority, vehicles of tourists staying in Israel less than 3 months, diplomatic and U.N. vehicles and the like.

Motor vehicle: any kind of mechanically propelled vehicle, including motorcycles, but excluding vehicles towed by a motor vehicle.

Year of production: The year of production is not necessarily identical with the calendar year. During the second half of a given year, vehicles from the next production calendar year are imported.

A truck (transport vehicle and commercial vehicle): a vehicle used or intended for use in transporting freight, whether for payment or in connection with the business of the owner. Since 1978, this type does not include dual purpose vehicles, which were transferred to the private car type. As of 1993, this type does not include "Minibus" (see definition and explanation below). As of 1996, the Special truck for passengers was included under Bus.

Two main sub-types of trucks are distinguished by gross weight:

a. Truck up to 4 tons (commercial vehicle)

1. Van: a vehicle with a closed back, without separation between the drivers cab and the back load unit. As of 1993, this type does not include "Minibus". See definition and explanation below.

2. Pick-up: a vehicle with separation between the drivers cab and the back load unit (opened or closed).

b. Trucks over 4 tons

1. Ordinary truck: with the back opened permanently.

2. Closed truck: with the back closed permanently.

3. Tip-lorry: a truck for the transport of freight which tips up mechanically in order to unload the freight.

4. Tanker: a vehicle used or designed for use in transport of liquid, cement in bulk or gas.

5. Road tractor: a motor vehicle designed to haul a semi-trailer and/or a trailer.

Hauled vehicle (not a power-driven vehicle):

a. Trailer: a vehicle designed to be hauled by a motor vehicle, whether used or not used for transport. Excluding sidecars.

b. Semi-trailer: a vehicle designed in such way that a part of it rests on the road tractor.

Gross weight: the weight of the truck plus the weight of the passengers and load carried by it, as permitted by the Licencing Office.

Load capacity: load permitted by the Licencing Office to be transported by the vehicle.

Minibus: a motor vehicle, up to 4 tons gross weight, designed to transport up to 15 persons in addition to the driver and described in its licence as a minibus. Up to 1992, it was included under the type "Truck up to 4 tons" (van).

Bus: a motor vehicle designed to transport 16 or more persons in addition to the driver and described in its licence as a bus. As of 1996, the Special truck for passengers was included under Bus, instead of under Truck (183 Special trucks in 1996).

There are three sub-types of bus or minibus:

1. Private - unpaid passengers transportation.

2. Public - paid passengers transportation.

3. Touring - paid passengers transportation - special tours.

Taxi: a public motor vehicle which is not a bus or a minibus, designed to transport up to 10 passengers in addition to the driver and described in its licence as a taxi. There were changes in the maximum permitted passengers: up to February 1993 - 7 passengers, from March 1993 up to December 1997 - 8 passengers and since January 1998 - 10 passengers.

Private car: a vehicle which is neither a public service vehicle, nor a commercial vehicle. As of 1978, this type includes dual purpose vehicles.

Special vehicle: a vehicle designed for special services, such as an ambulance, medical van, sanitary vehicle, recovery vehicle, engineering vehicle, crane, etc.

Motorcycle: includes all two and three wheeled motor vehicle, including tricycle and motorcycle with sidecar.

Since 1992, the Licencing Office has ceased classification by type, e.g. scooter, motor scooter and motor cycle and classifies only by engine capacity (in cc). The new classification fits with the driving licence regulations which distinguish four principal sub-types:

1. Up to 50 cc (Scooter or motor bicycle by the previous classification)

2. 51 - 250 cc

3. 251 - 500 cc

4. Over 500 cc.

Rate of motorization: number of vehicles per 1,000 population (permanent residents at the end of the year). The number of motor vehicles refers to the vehicle fleet, classified by the address (locality) of the registered owner of that vehicle. Thus, for example, Tel Aviv-Yafo is assigned a high rate of motorization, since state vehicles and vehicles of other large enterprises are registered there, even though they do not necessarily operate in the Tel Aviv-Yafo area.

Rate of motorization by municipal status and locality (Table 12) - since final detailed data on permanent population at end of 2001 are not yet available, the rate of motorization of each locality was calculated relative to the permanent population at end of 2000, excluding the "Grand total" which was calculated relative to the permanent population at end of 2001

Additions: vehicles included in the number of motor vehicles (as defined previously) in the year of processing and which were not included in the previous year.

Subtractions: vehicles included in the number of motor vehicles in the previous year and which are not included in the year of the processing.

Vehicles supplied to the local market: The definition "vehicles supplied to the local market", presented in the Transport Statistics Quarterly and in the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, slightly differs from the definition of "private car" presented in Motor Vehicles. Therefore, when comparing between the data, the different definitions should be noted:

1. Vehicles supplied to the local market are registered up on leaving the factory, or when imported and released from the port. These vehicles will appear in the data on motor vehicles, only on registration at the Licencing Office.

2. Vehicles supplied to the local market, by definition, do not include vehicles that had been taken off road, whose licence has been renewed during the year of processing.

3. Vehicles supplied to the local market also include security vehicles and vehicles which were sold to the Palestinian Authority.

Air Pollution from Transportation: quantities of air pollution emissions are calculated in the Environment Division at the Central Bureau of Statistics on the basis of:

1. Annual quantities of fuels consumed by motor vehicles. Data were obtained from the Energy Division at the Central Bureau of Statistics.

2. Annual kilometers traveled by the various types of vehicles, by age of vehicle. Data were obtained from the Transport and Communication Division at the Central Bureau of Statistics. The emission quantities for 2000 were calculated from an estimate of the annual kilometers traveled.

3. Emission factors of air pollutants from vehicles are based on the latest study conducted at the Technion on the topic.[1] These emission factors were calculated only for private motor vehicles and buses. Emission factors for other types of vehicles and other fuel types were based on data from Switzerland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. These emission factors were obtained from the Air Quality Division (mobile sources) at the Ministry of the Environment.

Concentrations of air pollutants from traffic stations were obtained from the Air Quality Division (MANA Israeli Air Monitoring Center) of the Ministry of the Environment.

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): originates from complete combustion of fuel. It is considered as a greenhouse gas.

Carbon Monoxide (CO): a gas produced by incomplete combustion of fuels, mainly from emissions of vehicles. This gas obstructs the supply of oxygen to the body, which results in choking; and harms the oxygen supply to the body. Inhaling high concentrations of the gas may cause choking.

Sulphur Oxides (SO_X): originates mainly from emissions of power stations, refineries and manufacturing establishments. These gases may cause damage to the respiratory system and plants, and acts on metals as well.

Nitrogen Oxides (NO_X): acid gases that originate mainly from emissions of power stations, manufacturing establishments and vehicles (mainly from diesel). These gases cause damage to the respiratory and the immune systems as well as to plants.

Hydrocarbons (HC): Compounds of carbon and hydrogen emitted during combustion and evaporation of fuels. These compounds originate mainly from emissions of vehicles and power stations. Some of them are suspected to be carcinogenic, and others can irritate the eyes and cause respiratory problems.

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM): a series of atmospheric materials based on carbon, produced by natural resources (sand, pollen etc.) and by human activity resources (combustion, construction, quarrying etc.). The smaller the diameter of the particles, the more easily they can be inhaled into the respiratory system. Particles which are 10 microns or less in their diameter (PM10 Respirable Suspended Particulates), originate from natural resources and they include the fraction of particles which are 2.5 microns or less in their diameter (PM2.5 Fine Respirable Suspended Particulates). These particles originate from industry, transportation, and domestic heating.

Lead (Pb): A heavy metal added to gasoline for many years. This toxic metal damages the nervous system, especially in children.

Unleaded gasoline: Cars that use unleaded gasoline also pollute the air with lead, but to a much lesser extent. In Israel, as in other developed countries, cars produced as of 1993 are required by law to use the Catalytic Converter. Therefore, the relative share of air pollution with lead by cars that use unleaded gasoline is increasing, while the relative share of air pollution by cars that use other gasoline, is decreasing.

Air quality standard: defines the maximum concentration of a pollutant permitted at a defined time duration.

Maximal value for half-hour 8 hours /24 hours: the maximum half-hour /8 hours/daily (respectively) value recorded during the year.

Traffic Stations: Monitoring stations for motor vehicles, located next to major highways. Measurement is carried out at the height of the motor vehicle and represents the local situation of actual breathing, people who cross or stay near the major highways. In these stations, air pollutants characterized to emissions from vehicles are measured continuously and automatically by special monitors. These data are stored temporarily at the station, averaged every five minutes, and transferred to the National Air Monitoring Center of the Ministry of the Environment for the purpose of permanent storage and continued processing. Most of the traffic stations have been in full operation since 1998. All of them are monitored by the Ministry of the Environment except two stations on the Begin road, which are monitored by the Jerusalem municipality and Em Hamoshavot station, which is monitored by the Petah Tiqwa municipality. The monitoring stations on the Begin road in Jerusalem was erected to be able to evaluate whether the highway design is such that will prevent emissions of air pollutants. The values in the monitoring station in Petah Tiqwa are calculated with moving average.

Uptime of monitoring stations: percent of uptime of monitoring during the year. Uptime rates below 100% can be attributed to daily time devoted to scaling, instrument failure or disruption of work at the station.

Diagrams

1. Motor Vehicles, by Type of Vehicle 1998

2. Motor Vehicles, by Type of Vehicle 1968- 1998

3. Motor Vehicles, by Country of Production 1998

4. Private Cars by Engine Capacity (cc) 1998

5. Rate of Motorization of Private Cars in Israel and in Selected Countries-1986 and 1996

Tables