MOTOR VEHICLES

31 XII 2002

JERUSALEM, JULY 2003

 

 

PREFACE

 

 

This publication presents data on motor vehicles in Israel at the end of 2002. As in previous yearly publications on this subject, the data are based on processing of the vehicle file of the Licencing Office in the Ministry of Transport, which is carried out by the Central Bureau of Statistics.

The publication includes detailed tables of data on the different characteristics of motor vehicles in Israel: type of vehicle, manufacture, country and year of production, place of registration and other characteristics. In addition, the publication includes tables of comparison with previous years and a table of comparison with selected countries and data on hauled vehicles which are not motor vehicles.

This publication also includes, like the previous ones, some data on vehicles involved in road accidents with casualties.

This publication includes tables which specify concentrations and emission of air pollutants caused by vehicles. The air pollution caused by transportation is known to be a sever public hazard in urban areas, especially in the Metropolitan area of Tel Aviv.

More detailed data on road accidents for the surveyed year 2002, are presented in special publication no. 1204: "Road Accidents with Casualties 2002, Part I: General Summaries", published by the Central Bureau of Statistics.

The Bureau wishes to thank the Licencing Office in the Ministry of Transport for putting the file at our disposal, as well as to the Air Quality Division at the Ministry of the Environment.

.

Pnina Zadka

Senior Director of Department

Economic Infrastructure

 

Jerusalem, 2003

    

Main Findings

At the end of 2002 there were about 1,960,000 vehicles in Israel - an increase of about 2.4% compared with the end of 2001. Of the total number of vehicles, there were about 1,497,000 private cars, about 336 thousand trucks, about 79 thousand motorcycles, about 16,800 minibuses, about 11,800 buses, about 15,800 taxis, and about 4,100 special vehicles.

Japan maintains its place as manufacturer of over one-third of the vehicles used in Israel, but there's indication that its relative share is decreasing while South Korea's and Spain's relative share is increasing. Only 0.2% of vehicles were manufactured in Israel.

Vehicles in Israel, Percentage by manufacturing country

 

In 2002, the number of vehicles increased by about 163 thousand, of which about 142 thousand were new (the production year of about 73 thousand was 2002, and the production year of about 69 thousand was 2003). During this period, there was a decline of about 118 thousand vehicles. Thus, the net growth in the number of vehicles amounted to only about 45 thousand.

Of the new vehicles that were added in 2002, about 103 thousand were private cars, mostly produced by the following manufacturers:

New private cars that were added in 2002, and in 1999-2001,

 Percentage by manufacturer

Year	Mazda	Toyota	Peugeot	Volkswagen	Renault	Ford	Hyundai	Honda	Fiat
2002	15.0	10.9	9.8	7.5	6.3	6.0	5.3	4.7	4.2
2001	12.9	7.0	8.1	12.1	6.5	5.6	6.0	3.9	3.8
2000	16.7	6.0	5.2	9.7	7.0	5.3	8.5	2.4	5.2
1999	18.1	5.4	5.2	8.0	4.7	0.6	8.1	3.5	5.3

 

The current economic depression effected the annual growth of the motor vehicles fleet. The annual growth in 2002 was 2.4%. This is the smallest annual growth since the year 1985. A significant example is the private cars licenced for rent and touring. Between 1993 and 2000 their number multiplied by three: from 8,172 in 1993 to 24,513 in 2000, whereas the number decreased by about 9% accumulatively in 2001 and 2002. 

The average age of the motor vehicles at the end of 2002 was 6.3 years (6.2 in 2001). About 831 thousand of the vehicles are new vehicles up to 4 years old, about 671 thousand are 5-9 years old, and about 458 thousand are over 10 years old.

There is a continuation of a constant upward trend in the portion of motor vehicles using diesel oil instead of gasoline. During the last four years, the percentage of motor vehicles using diesel oil multiplied by 1.5. The upward trend is very significant in trucks up to 4 tons (gross weight). The percentage of private cars using diesel oil multiplied by 3.5 during said period, but there are still only 35,360 cars operating on diesel oil, 2.4% out of the total private cars.

 

The percentage of vehicles using diesel oil

The rate of motorization rose from 294 vehicles per 1,000 residents at the end of 2001 to 295 at the end of 2002. Of those vehicles 225 were private cars.

The rate of motorization in municipalities was 308 per 1,000 residents. Of those vehicles, 239 private cars. The highest rate of motorization was found in the following municipalities: Tel Aviv-Yafo - 658, thereof 461 private cars, in Petah Tiqwa - 493, thereof 401 private cars, in Herzliyya - 468, thereof 376 private cars, in Giv'atayim - 414, thereof 331 private cars, in Kefar Sava - 410, thereof 324 private cars, in Qiryat Ono - 405, thereof 333 private cars and in Ramat Gan - 396, thereof 300 private cars. 

The rate of motorization in Haifa was 340, thereof 275 private cars, in Rishon LeZiyyon was 350, thereof 276 private cars, and in Jerusalem (including East Jerusalem) - 209, thereof 162 private cars.

Compared with developed countries throughout the world, the rate of motorization in Israel is still relatively low. In 2000, the rate of motorization in Israel was 288 per 1,000 residents compared to 800 in the USA, 732 in Italy, 708 in Canada, 689 in Switzerland, 684 in Japan, 680 in Austria, 620 in Germany, 618 in France and 567 in Norway.

 

The rate of involvement of motor vehicles in road accidents with casualties per 1,000 licenced, differs by type of vehicle.

The rate of involvement of motor vehicles in road accidents, by type of vehicle

As shown in the table above, the involvement in accidents of public vehicles (minibuses, buses and taxi) is very high, and the main cause is the high kilometers they travel. Also shown is the high involvement in accidents of heavy trucks, 34 tons and more (gross weight). Their rate of involvement in the years 2002, 2001 and 2000 was 88.1, 85.8 and 94.4 respectively.

Air Pollution from Transportation - Most of the carbon monoxide (CO) emissions result from vehicle transportation. Carbon monoxide is emitted as a result of incomplete combustion of fuels. The relative share of the transportation sector in total emission of CO has increased steadily over the years and presently amounts to 98%. Data from the traffic monitoring stations, as reported by the Ministry of the Environment, indicate zero deviations from the half-hourly standard, from the day the stations started to monitor up to the present. The transportation sector accounts for about 70% of the total hydrocarbons (HC) emissions.

Over half of the total nitrogen oxide (NO_X) emissions are from vehicles. Of those, most (about 80%) are from diesel vehicles. The traffic monitoring stations indicate hundreds of deviations for NO_X. Over the last year, all stations monitored maximal values way above the standards by tens or hundreds of percents. In contrast to this finding, the annual average of NO_X emission is below the standard level.

In recent years, an upward trend was observed in the relative amount of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the total emission from transportation (of 10%). Almost all of the SPM emission from transportation (about 90%) derives from diesel.

The contribution of vehicles to the total sulphur oxides (SO_X) emissions is marginal (about 5%).

It is difficult to define multi-year trends in concentrations from traffic monitoring stations, because the data relate to a short seasonal period.

 

 

 

     Definitions and Explanations

Limitation of data - the data in this publication are based on processing of the "Vehicle File" of the Licencing Office of the Ministry of Transport. Actually, the data are a copy of the "Vehicle File" at the end of the year; therefore, the quality of the processing of the data depends on the quality and level of updating of the "Vehicle File".

Motor vehicles: included are all types of motor vehicles which are registered at the Licencing Office and whose licences were valid on 31.12.02 or expired during 2002. The number of motor vehicles does not include army and police vehicles, towed vehicles, tractors, vehicles of foreign citizens and of holders of provisional vehicle licences, vehicles registered in the Palestinian Authority, vehicles of tourists staying in Israel less than 3 months, diplomatic and U.N. vehicles and the like.

Motor vehicle: any kind of mechanically propelled vehicle, including motorcycles, but excluding vehicles towed by a motor vehicle.

Year of production: The year of production is not necessarily identical with the calendar year. During the second half of a given year, vehicles from the next production calendar year are imported.

A truck (transport vehicle and commercial vehicle): a vehicle used or intended for use in transporting freight, whether for payment or in connection with the business of the owner. As of 1978 this type does not include dual purpose vehicles, which were transferred to the private car type. As of 1993 this type does not include "Minibus" (see definition and explanation below). As of 1996 the "Special truck for passengers" was included under "Bus".

Two main sub-types of trucks are distinguished by gross weight:

a.    Truck up to 4 tons (commercial vehicle)

1.    Van: a vehicle with a closed back, without separation between the driver’s cab and the back load unit. As of 1993 this type does not include "Minibus". See definition and explanation below.

2.    Pick-up: a vehicle with separation between the driver’s cab and  the back load unit (opened or closed).

b.           Trucks over 4 tons

1.    Ordinary truck: with the back opened permanently.

2.    Closed truck: with the back closed permanently.

3.    Tip-lorry: a truck for the transport of freight which tips up mechanically in order to unload the freight.

4.    Tanker: a vehicle used or designed for use in transport of liquid, cement in bulk or gas.

5.    Road tractor: a motor vehicle designed to haul a semi-trailer and/or a trailer.

Hauled vehicle (not a power-driven vehicle):

a.    Trailer: a vehicle designed to be hauled by a motor vehicle, whether used or not used for transport. Excluding sidecars.

b.    Semi-trailer: a vehicle designed in such way that a part of it rests on the road tractor.

Gross weight: the weight of the truck plus the weight of the passengers and load carried by it, as permitted by the Licencing Office.

Load capacity: load permitted by the Licencing Office to be transported by the vehicle.

Minibus: a motor vehicle, up to 4 tons gross weight, designed to transport up to 15 persons in addition to the driver and described in its licence as a minibus. Up to 1992, it was included under the type "Truck up to 4 tons" (van).

Bus: a motor vehicle designed to transport 16 or more persons in addition to the driver and described in its licence as a bus. As of 1996 the "Special truck for passengers" was included under "Bus", instead of under "Truck" (183 Special trucks in 1996).

There are three sub-types of bus or minibus:

1. Private - unpaid passengers transportation.

2. Public - paid passengers transportation.

3. Touring - paid passengers transportation - special tours.

Taxi: a public motor vehicle which is not a bus or a minibus, designed to transport up to 10 passengers in addition to the driver and described in its licence as a taxi. There were changes in the maximum permitted passengers: up to February 1993 - 7 passengers, from March 1993 up to December 1997 - 8 passengers and since January 1998 - 10 passengers.

Private car: a vehicle which is neither a public service vehicle nor a commercial vehicle. As of 1978 this type includes dual purpose vehicles.

Special vehicle: a vehicle designed for special services, such as an ambulance, medical van, sanitary vehicle, recovery vehicle, engineering vehicle, crane, etc.

Motorcycle: includes all two and three wheeled motor vehicle, including tricycle and motorcycle with sidecar.

As of 1992 the Licencing Office has ceased classification by type, e.g. scooter, motor scooter and motor cycle and classifies only by engine capacity (in cc). The new classification fits with the driving licence regulations which distinguish four principal sub-types:

1.    Up to 50 cc ("Scooter" or "motor bicycle" by the previous classification)

2.    51 - 250 cc

3.    251 - 500 cc

4.    Over 500 cc.

Rate of motorization: number of vehicles per 1,000 residents (permanent residents at the end of the year). The number of motor vehicles refers to the vehicle fleet, classified by the address (locality) of the registered owner of that vehicle. Thus, for example, Tel Aviv-Yafo is assigned a high rate of motorization, since state vehicles and vehicles of other large enterprises are registered there, even though they do not necessarily operate in the Tel Aviv-Yafo area.

Rate of motorization by municipal status and locality (Table 12) - since final detailed data on permanent population at end of 2002 are not yet available, the rate of motorization of each locality was calculated relative to the permanent population at end of 2001, excluding the "Grand total" which was calculated relative to the permanent population at end of 2002

Additions: vehicles included in the number of motor vehicles (as defined previously) in the year of processing and which were not included in the previous year.

Subtractions: vehicles included in the number of motor vehicles in the previous year and which are not included in the year of the processing.

Vehicles supplied to the local market: The definition "vehicles supplied to the local market", presented in the Transport Statistics Quarterly and in the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, slightly differs from the definition of "private car" presented in Motor Vehicles. Therefore, when comparing between the data, the different definitions should be noted:

1. Vehicles supplied to the local market are registered upon leaving the factory, or when imported and released from the port. These vehicles will appear in the data on motor vehicles only on registration at the Licencing Office.

2. Vehicles supplied to the local market, by definition, do not include vehicles that had been taken off the road whose licence has been renewed during the year of processing.

3. Vehicles supplied to the local market also include security vehicles and vehicles which were sold to the Palestinian Authority.

Air Pollution from Transportation: quantities of air pollution emissions are calculated in the Environment Division at the Central Bureau of Statistics on the basis of:

1.  Annual quantities of fuels consumed by motor vehicles. Data were obtained from the  Energy Division at the Central Bureau of  Statistics.

2.  Annual kilometers traveled by the various types of vehicles, by age of vehicle. Data were obtained from the Transport and Communication Division at the Central Bureau of Statistics. The emission quantities for 2000 were calculated from an estimate of the annual kilometers traveled.

3. Emission factors of air pollutants from vehicles are based on a study conducted at the Technion on the topic.[1] These emission factors were calculated only for private motor vehicles and buses. Emission factors for other types of vehicles and other fuel types were based on data from Switzerland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. These emission factors were obtained from the Air Quality Division (mobile sources) at the Ministry of the Environment. 

Concentrations of air pollutants from traffic stations were obtained from the Air Quality Division ("MANA" - Israeli Air Monitoring Center) of the Ministry of the Environment.

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): originates from complete combustion of fuel. It is considered as a greenhouse gas.

Carbon Monoxide (CO): a gas produced by incomplete combustion of fuels, mainly from emissions of vehicles. This gas obstructs the supply of oxygen to the body, which results in choking; and harms the oxygen supply to the body. Inhaling high concentrations of the gas may cause choking.

Sulphur Oxides (SO_X): originates mainly from emissions of power stations, refineries and manufacturing establishments. These gases may cause damage to the respiratory system, to plants and to metals.

Nitrogen Oxides (NO_X): acid gases that originate mainly from emissions of power stations, manufacturing establishments and vehicles (mainly from diesel). These gases cause damage to the respiratory and the immune systems as well as to plants.

Hydrocarbons (HC): Compounds of carbon and hydrogen emitted during combustion and evaporation of fuels. These compounds originate mainly from emissions of vehicles and power stations. Some of them are suspected to be carcinogenic, and others can irritate the eyes and cause respiratory problems.

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM): a series of atmospheric materials based on carbon, produced by natural resources (sand, pollen etc.) and by human activity resources (combustion, construction, quarrying etc.). The most dangerous particles are those smaller than 10 micron in diameter, which can be inhaled into the respiratory system (PM10 - Respirable Suspended Particulates). They usually originate from natural resources and they include the fraction of particles which are 2.5 microns or less in their diameter (PM2.5 - Fine Respirable Suspended Particulates), which usually originate from industry, transportation, and domestic heating.

Lead (Pb): A heavy metal which was a necessary additive to gasoline for many years. This toxic metal damages the nervous system, especially in children.

Unleaded gasoline: Cars that use unleaded gasoline also pollute the air with lead, but to a much lesser extent. In Israel, as in other developed countries, cars produced as of 1993 are required by law to use the Catalytic Converter so only unleaded gasoline can be used. Therefore, the relative share of air pollution with lead by cars that use unleaded gasoline is increasing, while the relative share of air pollution by cars that use other gasoline is decreasing.

Air quality standard: defines the maximum concentration of a pollutant permitted at a defined time duration.

Maximal value for half-hour/8 hours/24 hours: the maximum half-hour/8 hours/daily (respectively) value recorded during the year.

Traffic Stations: Monitoring stations for air pollutants originating in motor vehicles, and located next to major highways. Measurement is carried out at the height of the motor vehicle and represents the quality of local air that is actually breathed by people who cross or reside near the major highways. In these stations, air pollutants characterized to emissions from vehicles are measured continuously and automatically by special monitors. These data are stored temporarily at the station, averaged every five minutes, and transferred to the National Air Monitoring Center of the Ministry of the Environment for the purpose of permanent storage and continued processing. Most of the traffic stations have been in full operation since 1998. All of them are monitored by the Ministry of the Environment except two stations on the Begin road, which are monitored by the Jerusalem municipality and Em Hamoshavot station, which is monitored by the Petah Tiqwa municipality.

The monitoring stations on the Begin road in Jerusalem were erected with the intent of evaluating to what degree the road's planning prevents air pollution hazards to the local residents.

The values in the monitoring station in Petah Tiqwa are calculated with moving average.

Uptime of monitoring stations: percent of uptime of monitoring during the year. Uptime rates below 100% can be attributed to daily time devoted to scaling, instrument failure or disruption of work at the station.

 

Diagrams

1.     Motor Vehicles, by Tape of Vehicle

2.     Number of Motor Vehicles, by Tape of Vehicle

3.     Motor Vehicles, by Country of Production

4.     Private Cars, by Engine Capacity

5.     Rate of Motorization of Passenger Cars in Israel and in Selected Countries

Tables

Special Symbols

blank space or -             =  no cases

..            =  unknown data

General

1.     Motor Vehicles, by Type of Vehicle

2.     Percent Change in the Number of Motor Vehicles, Each
 Year Compared with the Previous Year

3.     Average Age of Motor Vehicles, by Type of Vehicle

4.     Motor Vehicles, by Type of Vehicle and Country of Production

5. Rate of Motorization, by Type of Vehicle

6. Population, Motor Vehicles and Rate of Motorization in
 Israel and in Selected Countries

7. Motor Vehicles, by Year of Production and Type of Vehicle

8. Motor Vehicles in Municipalities, by Type of Vehicle

9. Motor Vehicles in Local Councils, by Type of Vehicle

10. Motor Vehicles in Regional Councils, by Type of Vehicle

11. Motor Vehicles, by District, Sub-District, Natural Region
 and Type of Vehicle

12. Rate of Motorization, by Municipal Status and Type of Vehicle

Private Cars

13. Private Cars, by Country of Production, Manufacture and
 Engine Capacity

14. Private Cars, by Country of Production, Manufacture and
 Year of Production

15. Private Cars, by Engine Capacity (cc), Manufacture and
 Year of Production

16. Private Cars Licenced for Rent or Touring, by Engine
 Capacity (cc), Manufacture and Year of Production

17. Private Cars in Municipalities, by Municipality and Year of Production

Trucks

18. Trucks, by Type of Fuel, Gross Weight, Load Capacity and
 Type of Truck

19. Trucks, by Manufacture, Gross Weight and Type of Truck

 

20. Trucks, by Gross Weight (tons), Manufacture and Year of Production

21. Trucks, by Type of Fuel, Gross Weight, Load Capacity and
 Year of Production

22. Trucks, by Year of Production, Gross Weight and Type of Truck

23. Trucks in Municipalities, by Municipality, Gross Weight
 and Type of Truck

Taxis

24. Taxis, by Seats, Manufacture and Year of Production

Minibuses

25. Minibuses, by Type, Manufacture, Seats and Year of Production

Buses

26. Buses, by Type, Manufacture, Seats and Year of Production

Motorcycles

27. Motorcycles, by Engine Capacity (cc), Manufacture and
 Year of Production

28. Motorcycles, by Manufacture and Engine Capacity (cc)

Special Vehicles

29. Special Vehicles, by Type and Year of Production

Additions and Subtractions

30. Additions and Subtractions - Motor Vehicles, by Type of
 Vehicle and its Characteristics

31. Additions and Subtractions - Motor Vehicles, by Type of
 Vehicle and Manufacture

32. Additions and Subtractions - Private Cars, by Engine
 Capacity (cc) and Manufacture

Hauled Vehicles

33. Hauled Vehicles, by Type of Vehicle and Year of Production

34. Hauled Vehicles, by Type of Vehicle, Gross Weight and Load Capacity

First Date of Registration

35. Motor Vehicles, by First Date of Registration and Type of Vehicle

Vehicles Involved in Road Accidents

36. Vehicles Involved in Road Accidents with Casualties, by Type
 of Accident, Severity and Type of Vehicle

Air Pollution from Transportation

37. Emissions of Air Pollutants from Fuel Combustion

38. Concentrations of Air Pollutants as Measured in Traffic Stations

 

Staff of the Central Bureau of Statistics who Participated in Preparing the Publication:

The Directorate:Ms. Pnina Zadka - Senior Director,  Economic Infrastructure

Transport and Communication Sector:Ms. T. Tal - Director of Sector, Mr. A. Abraham - Director of Transport  Division

Environment Division:Ms. N. Tsadik - Director of Section

Department of Informatics:Mr. I. Weinner - Senior Director, Mr. S. Shmaryahu - Programmer

Publication Division: Ms. R. Tadmor - Editor